In Classical Arabic or formal usage of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), the noun following (subject of) the preposition is in the genitive case (with a kasra). If the noun is definite, a single kasra is added, such as في الكِتابِ (fi al-kitabi) “in the book”. If the noun is indefinite, a double kasra is added, such as في كِتابِ (fi kitabin) “in a book”.
Frequently used prepositions include:
بي (fi) - in, at, on (time)
عَلى (a’la) - on
مِن (min) - from
مَعَ (ma’a) - with
فوق (fawqa) - above, over
تحت (tahta) - below, beneath
بِجانِب (bijanib) - besides
خلف (khalf) - behind
خلال (khilal) - during